I. The Founding of ISO
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) merupakan hasil merger dua organisasi besar yaitu : International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA) yang didirikan di New York pada tahun 1926 dengan the United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) yang didirikan pada tahun 1944. Pada Oktober 1946 delegasi dari 25 negara mengadakan pertemuan di the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, memutuskan untuk membentuk sebuah organisasi baru bertujuan “untuk memfasilitasi koordinasi dan penyeragaman standar-standar industry internasional. Maka didirikanlah International Organization for Standardization (ISO) pada 23 Februari 1947.
Organisasi Internasional untuk Standardisasi(bahasa Inggris: International Organization for Standardization disingkat ISO atau Iso) adalah badan penetap standarinternasional non-pemerintah yang terdiri dari wakil-wakil dari badan standardisasi nasional setiap Negara dan berkedudukan di Genewa, Swiss. Organisasi ini memiliki logo dalam dua bahasa official yaitu Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Prancis. Pada awalnya, singkatan dari nama lembaga ini adalah IOS, bukan ISO. Kata ISO sering kali dianggap sebagai sebuah singkatan dari nama organisasi ini. Akan tetapi ISO bukanlah sebuah akronim dari nama organisasi ini namun ISO adalah istilah yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani ISOS berarti sama (equal).
Penggunaan ini dapat dilihat pada kata isometrik atau isonomi. Menyadari bahwa inisial organisasi akan berbeda jika diterjemahkan dalam bahasa yang berbeda maka pendiri organisasi ini memilih kata ISO sebagai sebuah nama singkat yang universal bagi organisasi ini. Kata ini juga merefleksikan tujuan organisasi ini yaitu : Untuk Meng equal kan dan menstandar kan lintas budaya diseluruh dunia. Pada intinya, ISO bertujuan untuk mengharmonisasi standar-standar nasional di masing-masing negara menjadi satu standar internasional yang sama.
ISO menetapkan standar-standar industrial dan komersial dunia. ISO, yang merupakan lembaga nirlaba internasional, pada awalnya dibentuk untuk membuat dan memperkenalkan standardisasi internasional d apa saja. Standar yang sudah kita kenal antara lain standar jenis film fotografi, ukuran kartu telepon, kartu ATM Bank, ukuran dan ketebalan kertas dan lainnya. Dalam menetapkan suatu standar tersebut mereka mengundang wakil anggotanya dari 130 negara untuk duduk dalam Komite Teknis (TC), Sub Komite (SC) dan Kelompok Kerja (WG).
Meski ISO adalah organisasi nonpemerintah, kemampuannya untuk menetapkan standar yang sering menjadi hukum melalui persetujuan atau standar nasional membuatnya lebih berpengaruh daripada kebanyakan organisasi non-pemerintah lainnya, dan dalam prakteknya ISO menjadi konsorsium dengan hubungan yang kuat dengan pihak-pihak pemerintah. Peserta ISO termasuk satu badan standar nasional dari setiap negara dan perusahaan-perusahaan besar.
II. Members, technical program and staff
Hingga tahun 2009, ISO memiliki 160 organisasi standar nasional sebagai anggota yang terdiri dari lebih dari 195 negara di dunia. Technical program terdiri dari 208 technical committees, subcommittees, 2,378 working groups and 66 ad hoc study groups, dan total dari 3.183 technical bodies. Markas besar ISO di Genewa memiliki 153 orang staff yang berasal dari 26 negara.
ISO memiliki 3 (Tiga) katagori kepesertaan anggotanya, yaitu :
- Member bodies yaitu badan nasional yang dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi badan standar yang paling mewakili di masing-masing Negara. Hanya negara-negara inilah yang memiliki yang pilih.
- Correspondent members yaitu Negara-negara yang tidak memiliki organisasi standar sendiri di negaranya. Negara-negara ini diinformasikan tetapi tidak dapat berpartisipasi dalam penyebaran standar.
- Subscriber members merupakan Negara ekonomi lemah. Mereka membayar biaya keanggotaan dengan biaya yang lebih rendah, namun dapat mengikuti perkembangan standar.
Keanggotaan yang memiliki hak pilih disebut dengan Anggota “P” sebagai pembeda pada Correspondent members dan Subscriber members yang tidak memiliki hak pilih yang disebut dengan Angggota “O”.
Berikut adalah Negara-negara anggota ISO:
NO | NEGARA | KOMITE NASIONAL | STATUS KEANGGOTAN |
01 | Afghanistan | ANSA |
Correspondent member |
02 | Albania | DPS | Correspondent member |
03 | AlgeriaI | ANOR | Member body |
04 | AmbodiaI | SC | Subscriber member |
05 | Andorra | IRAM | Member Body |
06 | Angola | IANORQ | Correspondent member |
07 | Antigua and Barbuda | ABBS | Subscriber member |
08 | Arab Emirates | ESMA | Member body |
09 | Argentina | IRAM | Member body |
10 | Armenia | SARM | Member body |
11 | Australia | SA | Member body |
12 | Austria | ASI | Member body |
13 | Azerbaijan | AZSTAND | Member body |
14 | Bahamas | – | [1] |
15 | Bahrain | BSMD | Member body |
16 | Bangladesh | BSTI | Member body |
17 | Barbados | BNSI | Member body |
18 | Belarus | BELST | Member body |
19 | Belgium | NBN | Member body |
20 | Benin | CEBENOR | Correspondent member |
21 | Belize | – | [1] |
22 | Bhutan | SQCA | Correspondent member |
23 | Bolivia | IBNORCA | Correspondent member |
24 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | BAS | Member body |
25 | Botswana | BOBS | Member body |
26 | Brazil | ABNT | Member body |
27 | Brunei | CPRU | Correspondent member |
28 | Bulgaria | BDS | Member body |
29 | Burkina Faso | FASONORM | Correspondent member |
30 | Burma | MSTRD | Correspondent member |
31 | Burundi | – | [1] |
32 | Cameroon | ANOR | Member body |
33 | Cambodia | ISC | Subscriber Member |
34 | Canada | SCC | Member body |
35 | Cape Verde | – | [1] |
36 | Central African Republic | SNQCA | Subscriber member |
37 | Chile | INN | Member body |
38 | Chad | – | [1] |
39 | CODINORM Member bodybody | ||
40 | China | SAC | Member body |
41 | Colombia | ICONTEC | Member body |
42 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | OCC | Member body |
43 | Congo, Republic of the | ACONOR | Correspondent member |
44 | Comoros | – | [1] |
45 | Costa Rica | INTECO | Member body |
46 | Côte d’Ivoire | CODINORM | Member Body |
47 | Croatia | HZN | Member body |
48 | Cuba | NC | Member body |
49 | Cyprus | CYS | Member body |
50 | Czech Republic | CNI | Member Body |
51 | Denmark | DS | Member body |
52 | Dominica | DBOS | Subscriber member |
53 | Dominican Republic | DIGENOR | Correspondent member |
54 | Djibouti | – | [1] |
55 | Ecuador | INEN | Member body |
56 | Egypt | EOS | Member body |
57 | El Salvador | CONACYT | Correspondent member |
58 | Eritrea | ESI | Subscriber member |
59 | Estonia | EVS | Correspondent member |
60 | Ethiopia | QSAE | Member body |
61 | Fiji | FTSQCO | Member body |
62 | Finland | SFS | Member body |
63 | France | AFNOR | Member body |
64 | Gabon | ANTT | Correspondent member |
65 | Gambia, The | GAMSFP | Correspondent member |
66 | Georgia | GEOSTM | Correspondent member |
67 | Germany | DIN | Member body |
68 | Ghana | GSB | Member body |
69 | Greece | ELOT | Member body |
70 | Guatemala | COGUANOR | Correspondent member |
71 | GuineaI | GNM | Correspondent member |
72 | Guinea-Bissau | DSNPQ | Correspondent |
73 | Guyana | GNBS | Subscriber member |
74 | Haiti | – | [1] |
75 | Honduras | COHCIT | Subscriber member |
76 | Hong Kong | ITCHKSAR | Correspondent member |
77 | Hungary | MSZT | Member body |
78 | Iceland | IST | Member body |
79 | India | BIS | Member body |
80 | Indonesia | BSN | Member body |
81 | Iran | ISIRI | Member body |
82 | Iraq | COSQC | Member body |
83 | Ireland | NSAI | Member body |
84 | Israel | SII | Member body |
85 | Italy | UNI | Member body |
86 | Jamaica | BSJ | Member body |
87 | Japan | JISC | Member body |
88 | Jordan | JSMO | Member body |
89 | Kazakhstan | KAZMEMST | Member body |
90 | Kenya | KEBS | Member body |
91 | Kiribati | – | [1] |
92 | Korea, North | CSK | Member body |
93 | Korea, South | KATS | Member body |
94 | Kuwait | KOWSMD | Member body |
95 | Kyrgyzstan | KYRGYZST | Correspondent member |
96 | Laos | DISM | Subscriber member |
97 | Latvia | LVS | Correspondent member |
98 | Lebanon | LIBNOR | Member body |
99 | LesothoL | SQAS | Subscriber member |
100 | LiberiaL | DS | Correspondent member |
101 | Libya | LNCSM | Member body |
102 | Liechtenstein | – | [1] |
103 | Lithuania | LST | Member body |
104 | Luxembourg | ILNAS | Member body |
105 | Macau | CPTTM | Correspondent member |
106 | Macedonia [FYROM] | ISRM | Member body |
107 | Madagascar | BNM | Correspondent member |
108 | Malawi | MBS | Correspondent member |
109 | Malaysia | DSM | Member body |
110 | Maldives | – | [1] |
111 | Mali | MLIDNI | Member body |
112 | Malta | MSA | Member body |
113 | Marshall Islands | – | [1] |
114 | Mauritania | – | [1] |
115 | Mauritius | MSB | Member Body |
116 | Mexico | DGN | Member Body |
117 | Micronesia, Federated States Of | – | [1] |
118 | Moldova, Republic of | MOLDST | Correspondent Member |
119 | Monaco | – | [1] |
120 | Mongolia | MASM | Member body |
121 | Montenegro | ISME | Correspondent member |
122 | Morocco | SNIMA | Member body |
123 | Mozambique | INNOQ | Correspondent member |
124 | Nauru | – | [1] |
125 | Nepal | NBSM | Correspondent member |
126 | Netherlands | NEN | Member body |
127 | New Zealand | SNZ | Member body |
128 | Nicaragua | DTNM | Correspondent Member |
129 | Niger | DNQM | Correspondent Member |
130 | Nigeria | SON | Member body |
131 | Norway | SN | Member body |
132 | Myanmar | MSTRD | Correspondent Member |
133 | Pakistan | PSQCA | Member body |
134 | Palau | – | [1] |
135 | Palestinian territories | BPS | Correspondent member |
136 | Panama | COPANIT | Member body |
137 | Papua New Guinea | NISIT | Correspondent member |
138 | Paraguay | INTN | Correspondent member |
139 | Peru | INDECOPI | Member body |
140 | Philippines | BPSMember body | Member body |
141 | Poland | PKN | Member body |
142 | Portugal | IPQ | Member body |
143 | Qatar | QS | Member body |
144 | Romania | ASRO | Member body |
145 | Russia | GOST R | Member body |
146 | Rwanda | RBSCorrespondent member | Correspondent member |
147 | Samoa | – | [1] |
148 | San Marino – | – | [1] |
149 | São Tomé & Príncipe | – | [1] |
150 | Saint Lucia | SLBS | Member body |
151 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | SVGBS | Subscriber member |
152 | Saudi Arabia | SASO | Member body |
153 | Senegal | ASN | Member body |
154 | Serbia | ISS | Member body |
155 | Seychelles | SBS | Correspondent member |
156 | Sierra Leone | SLSB | Correspondent member |
157 | Singapore | SPRING SG | Member body |
158 | Slovakia | SUTN | Member body |
159 | Slovenia | SIST | Member body |
160 | South Africa | SABS | Member body |
161 | Solomon Islands | – | [1] |
162 | Somalia | – | [1] |
163 | Spain | AENOR | Member body |
164 | Sri Lanka | SLSI | Member body |
165 | St. Kitts & Nevis | – | [1] |
166 | Sudan | SSMO | Member body |
167 | Suriname | SSB | Correspondent member |
168 | Swaziland | SWASA | Correspondent member |
169 | Sweden | SIS | Member body |
170 | Switzerland | SNV | Member body |
171 | Syria | SASMO | Member body |
172 | Taiwan | – | [1] |
173 | Tajikistan | TJKSTN | Correspondent member |
174 | Tanzania, United Republic of | TBS | Member Body |
175 | Thailand | TISI | Member bodybody |
176 | Timor Leste, Democratic Republic of (East Timor) | – | [1] |
177 | Togo | CSN | Correspondent member |
178 | Tonga | – | [1] |
179 | Trinidad and Tobago | TTBS | Member body |
180 | Tunisia | INNORPI | Member body |
181 | Turkey | TSE | Member body |
182 | TurkmenistanMSSTCorrespondent member | ||
183 | Tuvalu | – | [1] |
184 | United Arab Emirates | ESMA | Member Body |
185 | United States | ANSI | Member body |
186 | Uganda | UNBS | Correspondent member |
187 | Ukraine | DSSU | Member bodyUnited |
188 | United Kingdom | BSI | Member body |
189 | UruguayUNITMember body | ||
190 | UzbekistanUZSTANDARDMember body | ||
191 | Vanuatu | – | [1] |
192 | Vatican City (Holy See) | – | [1] |
193 | Venezuela | FONDONORMA | Member Body |
194 | Vietnam | STAMEQ | Member body |
195 | Western Sahara | – | [1] |
196 | Yemen | YSMO | Correspondent member |
197 | zania | TBS | Member body |
198 | Zambia | ZABS | Correspondent member |
199 | Zimbabwe | SAZ | Correspondent member |
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